关于印发《会计证管理办法》的通知

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关于印发《会计证管理办法》的通知

财政部


关于印发《会计证管理办法》的通知
1996年7月19日,财政部

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)、国家税务局、地方税务局;党中央各部门;国务院各部、委,各直属机构,各人民团体:

《会计证管理办法(试行)》自1991年起实行以来,对于加强会计人员管理,提高会计队伍素质和会计工作水平,发挥了重要作用。根据当前会计工作的发展要求,结合各地区、各部门实施会计证管理办法的情况,在广泛征求意见基础上,我们对《会计证管理办法(试行)》进行了修订和完善,制定了《会计证管理办法》(其中第十条已征得国家税务总局的同意)。现印发给你们,自1997年1月1日起执行。执行中有何问题,请及时函告我部。

附件一:会计证管理办法
第一条 为了加强对会计工作和会计人员的管理,促进各单位配备合格的会计人员,提高会计队伍素质和会计工作水平,充分发挥会计工作在社会主义市场经济建设中的作用,根据《中华人民共和国会计法》关于财政部门管理会计工作的规定,制定本办法。
第二条 会计证是具备一定会计专业知识和技能的人员从事会计工作的资格证书。未取得会计证的人员,各单位不得任用其担任会计岗位工作。
第三条 本办法适用于在国家机关、社会团体、企业、事业单位和其他组织的会计人员。
第四条 会计证的颁发和管理按属地原则由所在地的同级财政部门负责。中央和国务院各部、委、局、总公司、各人民团体及其在京直属单位的会计人员会计证的颁发和管理由国务院机关事务管理局负责。
第五条 取得会计证的基本条件:
1.坚持四项基本原则;
2.遵守国家财经和会计法律、法规、规章制度;
3.具备一定的会计专业知识及技能;
4.热爱会计工作、秉公办事。
第六条 会计证实行考试制度。考试科目定为:财务会计法规、会计基础知识、会计实务、珠算和初级会计电算化(后两门可由考生任选其中一门考试)。
第七条 现在会计岗位工作,已取得中专以上财经专业学历(含中专,下同),经考核能够胜任一个会计岗位工作的人员,可直接为其颁发会计证;
有志于从事会计工作,不具备中专以上财经专业学历的非会计人员,须参加会计专业知识培训,取得岗前培训合格证书,并经会计证专业知识统一考试合格,可为其颁发预备会计证;具有中专以上财经专业学历的非会计人员可免试会计基础知识、珠算和初级会计电算化,参加其他两个科目考试合格的,可为其颁发预备会计证。
第八条 会计证考试原则上每年进行一次。由各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局统一部署和组织,实行按省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市为单位进行统考。
各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局负责组织编写考试大纲和辅导教材,并应就会计证考试有关命题、试卷印刷、考场设置、阅卷登分、合格证发放等工作的组织和实施,制定具体的考务工作管理规定。
各级财政部门和国务院机关事务管理局负责会计证专业知识培训班的审批和管理工作。具体的培训管理办法由省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局负责制定。
第九条 取得会计证并从事会计工作的人员,可以参加会计专业技术资格考试、会计专业职务的聘任和优秀会计人员的评选,可以按规定申请取得会计人员荣誉证书。
非会计人员所取得的预备会计证,其证自签发日起有效期为三年。有效期内,可作为各单位选用、聘任会计人员的依据。持证人员被单位任用(或聘用)从事会计工作时,应由所在单位提出申请,在三十日内到发证机关换领正式会计证,同时办理注册登记手续。有效期满仍未从事会计工作的,其所持预备会计证自行失效。
第十条 会计证实行验证制度。各级财政、税务等部门具有共同负责检查和监督会计人员持证上岗情况的权利。
第十一条 会计证及预备会计证由各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局统一印制、颁发和管理。
会计证应记载持证会计人员的职称、学历、单位、身份证号、会计证号、发证时间以及年检、奖励、处分、工作业绩、培训、岗位变动等情况。
第十二条 会计证实行注册登记和年检考核制度。
1.取得会计证的人员,被单位聘(任)用从事会计工作时,应由所在单位提出申请,并在三十日内到发证机关进行注册登记,注册后的持证人员作为正式会计人员管理。未经注册登记的会计证不予办理年检,不得参加会计专业技术资格考试和财政、财务部门组织的在职会计人员培训。
2.在岗会计人员应按规定向发证机关办理会计证年检。年检工作每两年进行一次。由各基层单位将持证会计人员的情况按会计证所列内容逐项填写,并经本单位人事部门核签后送发证机关进行年检。发证机关审核无误后,在会计证相应年份备注栏加盖验讫印章和日期,退回持证人。
对未经发证机关注册登记、有违法乱经行为、未按规定参加继续教育培训和脱离会计岗位的,以及弄虚作假骗取会计证的,发证机关不予办理年检。
具体年检办法和注册登记制度由各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局负责制定。
第十三条 各级发证机关应对本地区、本部门持证会计人员的基本情况分类建立业务档案,加强对会计证的后期管理。会计证档案管理应逐步采用电子计算机管理,系统掌握会计证的申报、注册登记、年检及会计人员数量、知识结构等情况,建立会计人才管理信息数据库。
第十四条 持证会计人员调离原单位的,应在离岗日三十日内,由所在单位报发证机关备案。对于离岗后继续从事会计工作的,由调出方发证机关向调入方发证机关提供证明并转出业务档案。调入单位应向同级发证机关提出申请,按规定办理注册登记后,其所持会计证可继续使用。
会计人员因离退、解聘、留职停薪、辞职等原因离开原工作单位的,所持会计证在有效期内不予收回,继续从事会计工作时,重新按规定向发证机关办理注册登记手续。
凡脱离会计工作岗位连续时间超过三年的,所持会计证自行失效,必须重新参加考试或按规定申领。
第十五条 持证会计人员严重违反财经纪律给国家、集体造成严重经济损失,或受到两次记大过行政处分的,或弄虚作假骗取会计证的,发证机关应收回其会计证。
第十六条 本办法自1997年1月1日起执行。财政部于1990年印发的《会计证管理办法(试行)》以及有关会计证管理的文件同时废止。
第十七条 各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局可在不违背本办法基本原则的前提下,制定具体实施细则,并报财政部备案。
第十八条 本办法由财政部负责解释。

附件二:关于《会计证管理办法》的说明
1990年初,财政部印发了(90)财会字第009号《关于印发〈会计证管理办法(试行)〉的通知》(以下简称《试行办法》),在全国范围内对全民所有制企业、事业单位、国家机关及社会团体的会计人员实行会计证管理。各省、自治区、直辖市财政厅(局)和国务院各业务主管部门也相继制定了实施细则,并具体负责组织实施了会计证管理工作。实施《会计证》管理办法五年来,加强了会计人员的管理,在一定程度上保证了上岗会计人员质量,促进了会计队伍的稳定和会计人员素质的提高,同时也增强了会计人员的责任感,调动了他们工作和学习的积极性。根据财政部1994年统计,截止1993年底,全国有会计人员1200万人,其中国有单位和县以上集体单位会计人员550万人,共有421万人取得了会计证,占550万总人数的76.60%。实践证明,实行会计证管理办法是财政部门和有关部门对会计人员和会计工作进行间接管理的好形式。通过认定会计人员从业资格和对他们的工作进行必要的考核及适度管理,促进了各单位配备合格的会计人员,保障会计人员依法履行职责,并从一个侧面制约一些单位搞任人唯亲和对会计人员进行打击报复。
近年来,随着市场经济的发展和财税体制改革的深化,会计工作在经济建设中的地位和作用日益重要。我国的会计人员数量已从88年的960万人增加到1200多万人。面对新的经济形势下这样一支庞大的专业队伍,迫切需要加强会计队伍的建设。《试行办法》在适用范围、考试内容以及后期管理等方面的规定已不能完全适应形势发展的需要,有待于进一步修订和完善,另一方面,各地区、各部门在执行过程中的具体做法也不尽相同,存在政策不平衡等问题,个别地区、部门擅自放宽条件、降低考试水平,还有个别地区在会计证考试培训收费和发证过程中存在管理混乱等问题,造成了不良的影响。为此,我们总结了五年来各地区、各部门好的经验和做法,对《试行办法》进行了修订和完善,制定了《会计证管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)。目的就是在现有工作的基础上,进一步发挥会计证管理的作用,采取适当的方法和形式对会计人员进行适度管理,保证上岗人员的质量,促进会计人员在市场经济条件下公平竞争,激发他们学习业务、更新知识的积极性,这也是做好会计工作的必要前提。现将《办法》中的一些主要问题说明如下:
一、关于《办法》的适用范围
原《试行办法》中会计证的适用范围为“全民所有制企业、事业单位、国家机关和社会团体的会计人员”。《办法》将适用范围修改为“国家机关、社会团体、企业、事业单位和其他组织的会计人员。”作这样修改的理由是,原《试行办法》的适用范围比较窄,主要是对国有单位的会计人员进行管理,没有将集体企业、私营企业以及外商投资企业包括在内。这是与当时我国所有制结构比较单一、国有经济占绝对主导地位的情况相适应的。近年来,随着我国改革开放的不断深入,所有制结构发生了很大的变化。在国有经济继续发展的同时,集体经济、私营经济、外商投资企业和其他经济组织有了很大的发展,并在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。据截止93年底的统计,国家机关、社会团体、国有和集体企、事业单位会计人员数为550多万人,其他各类经济组织的会计人员为650多万人,约占总人数的54%。因此《办法》将非国有经济组织中的会计人员纳入了会计证管理的范围。即《办法》中的国家机关、社会团体、企业、事业单位和其他组织是指国有企事业单位、国家机关、社会团体、集体所有制企业、外商投资企业、股份制企业、私营企业、个体工商户、农村集体经济组织等一切实行独立核算、办理会计事务的社会组织和经济组织。
二、关于会计证的颁发对象
随着市场经济的发展,会计人员平均每年新增近百万人,单纯依靠大中专院校输送的毕业生难以满足用人单位的需求,需要从在职职工和社会青年中进行选拔,但他们又往往不具备相应的专业知识水平和业务素质,需要经过一段时间的培训和学习,取得会计证后才能上岗。因此,我们对《试行办法》的会计证颁发对象进行了较大调整,即《办法》允许非会计人员参加岗前培训和会计证专业知识考试,经统一考试取得成绩合格证的人员可以持预备会计证应聘从事会计工作,目的是促进人才合理流动,向有志于从事会计工作的非会计人员宣传和普及会计专业知识,选拔具有一定专业素质的人员充实会计队伍,为用人单位选拔和配备合格的会计人员提供便利条件。
但是,非会计人员不是会计人员,不能直接颁发会计证,只能颁发预备会计证。因此,各级发证机关应对非会计人员取得的预备会计证进行专门的核发和管理工作。考试到会计工作专业性强、知识更新较快等特点,《办法》对非会计人员取得的预备会计证规定了三年的有效期。非会计人员在有效期内上岗从事会计工作的,经所在单位申请和证明,发证机关才能为其换发正式的会计证;有效期满仍未从事会计工作的,所持预备会计证自行失效,必须重新参加岗前培训和会计证专业知识考试。
三、关于会计证颁发和管理机关
为了避免“证”出多门,切实将会计证考试、培训、年检、注册登记等各项管理工作落到实处,《办法》对会计证的颁发和管理机关作了新的规定,其基本原则是财政部门是会计证的颁发和管理机关,按属地原则进行管理。各级业务主管部门和会计人员所在单位配合财政部门做好取得会计证人员的考核工作。今后,城乡集体经济组织、无主管部门的单位、私营企业和其他经济组织中会计人员的会计证和非会计人员的预备会计证的颁发和管理以及考试组织工作,均按属地原则统一由所在地财政部门负责;中央和国务院各部、委、局、总公司、各人民团体及其在京直属单位会计人员的会计证的颁发和管理以及考试组织工作,均由国务院机关事务管理局负责。其具体办法,按各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局制定的实施细则执行。上述规定,一是便于统一管理,二是符合《会计法》关于地方各级人民政府的财政部门管理本地区会计工作规定的精神。
四、关于会计证考试和岗前培训
1.关于考试科目。原《试行办法》规定会计证的考试科目为:财务会计法规、会计基础知识、专业财务会计(一般应分为工业、商业、农业、预算、金融、交通运输、基本建设等专业)、计算技术(会计应用数学和珠算)四门。考虑到上述四个科目是会计专业人员所必须具备的专业知识,因此《办法》对此未作大的调整,只是将原“专业财务会计”调整为“会计实务”,并不再按行业进行分类;在会计电算化迅速发展的形势下,根据财政部《关于大力发展我国会计电算化事业的意见》,要求到2000年,将力争使大、中型企事业单位和县级以上国家机关的会计人员有60—70%掌握会计电算化的基本操作技能。为此,我们将“计算技术”科目调整为珠算和初级会计电算化两个科目,目的是为了推动会计电算化知识的普及,使广大会计人员能够掌握计算机和会计核算软件的基本操作技能,以适应现代化会计管理工作的需要。《办法》也考虑到目前会计队伍的现状,特别是在一些贫困落后地区,会计电算化的应用还不够普及,珠算仍然是会计工作中的主要计算工具。因此,允许考生自愿在珠算和初级会计电算化两个科目中任选一门参加考试。
五年来,从会计证考试制度的执行情况来看,大多数地区、部门能够按照全国统一要求组织考试和培训,但也有个别地区在执行中擅自改变管理权限、减少考试科目、降低考试水平;在教材内容及试题难易程度等方面,许多地区规定的标准不尽相同,有的甚至存在很大的差异,如个别省市将四个科目合并为一个科目考试,个别地区将教材编写和命题工作全部下放到地市一级,使个别地区的会计证管理工作出现混乱局面。为了克服这些问题,《办法》规定由各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市财政厅(局)和国务院机关事务管理局负责统一制定会计证考试各科考试大纲和考试辅导教材,统一考核量化标准,切实把好会计人员的上岗入门关。
2.关于考试的组织。原《试行办法》规定会计证考试由省级以上财政部门统一部署,各级发放机关统一组织。目前,个别地区将考试有关组织工作交由各地(市)财政局组织和管理:个别地区、甚至将《会计证》考试权限下放给培训班,结业考试合格就认帐。除此之外,各地区乡镇企业主管部门和农经工作主管部门也分别负责组织乡(镇)、村集体企业、农民股份合作企业、乡(镇)、村(组)合作经济组织的会计人员考试和发证工作。考试工作存在各行其事、多头管理、考核标准不统一等问题,不仅使考试组织工作重复,考试质量难以保障,而且给会计证的统一管理带来很大的不便。由于会计证是对从事会计工作所必须具备专业水平的一种评价,是认定会计人员从事会计工作所应具备的起码或基本资格,专业性、政策性都很强。为了使会计证管理工作规范化、制度化,确保考试工作质量,根据《会计法》财政部门管理本地区会计工作的有关规定,《办法》规定会计证考试实行按省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市为单位统一组织考试。
3.关于岗前会计专业知识培训。岗前培训是根据会计工作岗位的要求,对有志于从事会计工作并且不具备中专以上财经专业学历的人员,在上岗从事会计工作之前所进行的基础知识、基本技能、职业道德和法制教育等方面的培训。各级财政、财务部门应制定相应的管理措施,对培训工作加强审批和管理,对要求办班单位的师资力量、课时安排、教学设备、收费标准等情况进行严格的审查,杜绝以创收为目的、低标准、高收费、滥办班现象的发生。
五、关于会计证的后期管理工作
《试行办法》规定“发证机关和各级负责会计专业职务评审的财政(财务)部门,应对本地区、本部门持证会计人员的基本情况分类建立业务档案。”由于这一规定不够具体明确,各地区、各部门在实际执行过程中做法不一,实际效果不佳。《办法》借鉴了一些地区好的经验和做法,补充了会计证注册登记和年检考核的有关规定,目的是通过对会计人员进行定期、不定期的考核和管理,及时了解和掌握持证人员的基本情况,有利于加强会计队伍的建设,保证会计证管理制度的有效执行。各地区、各部门要把会计证的后期管理工作提高到加强整个会计队伍管理的高度上来认识,以会计证管理制度为契机,逐步将微机等现代化管理手段引入到管理工作中来,建立完整的会计人才信息数据库,在全国范围内形成一个现代化的会计人员管理网络。








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中华人民共和国加入议定书(英文本)

世界贸易组织法律文件


PROTOCOL ON THE ACCESSION OF
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA


Preamble

The World Trade Organization ("WTO"), pursuant to the approval of the Ministerial Conference of the WTO accorded under Article XII of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization ("WTO Agreement"), and the People's Republic of China ("China"),

Recalling that China was an original contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1947,

Taking note that China is a signatory to the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,

Taking note of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China in document WT/ACC/CHN/49 ("Working Party Report"),

Having regard to the results of the negotiations concerning China's membership in the WTO,

Agree as follows:

Part I - General Provisions

1. General

1. Upon accession, China accedes to the WTO Agreement pursuant to Article XII of that Agreement and thereby becomes a Member of the WTO.

2. The WTO Agreement to which China accedes shall be the WTO Agreement as rectified, amended or otherwise modified by such legal instruments as may have entered into force before the date of accession. This Protocol, which shall include the commitments referred to in paragraph 342 of the Working Party Report, shall be an integral part of the WTO Agreement.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, those obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed to the WTO Agreement that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with entry into force of that Agreement shall be implemented by China as if it had accepted that Agreement on the date of its entry into force.

4. China may maintain a measure inconsistent with paragraph 1of Article II of the General Agreement on Trade in Services ("GATS") provided that such a measure is recorded in the List of Article II Exemptions annexed to this Protocol and meets the conditions of the Annex to the GATS on Article II Exemptions.

2. Administration of the Trade Regime

(A) Uniform Administration

1. The provisions of the WTO Agreement and this Protocol shall apply to the entire customs territory of China, including border trade regions and minority autonomous areas, Special Economic Zones, open coastal cities, economic and technical development zones and other areas where special regimes for tariffs, taxes and regulations are established (collectively referred to as "special economic areas").

2. China shall apply and administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner all its laws, regulations and other measures of the central government as well as local regulations, rules and other measures issued or applied at the sub-national level (collectively referred to as "laws, regulations and other measures") pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights ("TRIPS") or the control of foreign exchange.

3. China's local regulations, rules and other measures of local governments at the sub-national level shall conform to the obligations undertaken in the WTO Agreement and this Protocol.

4. China shall establish a mechanism under which individuals and enterprises can bring to the attention of the national authorities cases of non-uniform application of the trade regime.

(B) Special Economic Areas

1. China shall notify to the WTO all the relevant laws, regulations and other measures relating to its special economic areas, listing these areas by name and indicating the geographic boundaries that define them. China shall notify the WTO promptly, but in any case within 60 days, of any additions or modifications to its special economic areas, including notification of the laws, regulations and other measures relating thereto.

2. China shall apply to imported products, including physically incorporated components, introduced into the other parts of China's customs territory from the special economic areas, all taxes, charges and measures affecting imports, including import restrictions and customs and tariff charges, that are normally applied to imports into the other parts of China's customs territory.

3. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, in providing preferential arrangements for enterprises within such special economic areas, WTO provisions on non-discrimination and national treatment shall be fully observed.

(C) Transparency

1. China undertakes that only those laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange that are published and readily available to other WTO Members, individuals and enterprises, shall be enforced. In addition, China shall make available to WTO Members, upon request, all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange before such measures are implemented or enforced. In emergency situations, laws, regulations and other measures shall be made available at the latest when they are implemented or enforced.

2. China shall establish or designate an official journal dedicated to the publication of all laws, regulations and other measures pertaining to or affecting trade in goods, services, TRIPS or the control of foreign exchange and, after publication of its laws, regulations or other measures in such journal, shall provide a reasonable period for comment to the appropriate authorities before such measures are implemented, except for those laws, regulations and other measures involving national security, specific measures setting foreign exchange rates or monetary policy and other measures the publication of which would impede law enforcement. China shall publish this journal on a regular basis and make copies of all issues of this journal readily available to individuals and enterprises.

3. China shall establish or designate an enquiry point where, upon request of any individual, enterprise or WTO Member all information relating to the measures required to be published under paragraph 2(C)1 of this Protocol may be obtained. Replies to requests for information shall generally be provided within 30 days after receipt of a request. In exceptional cases, replies may be provided within 45 days after receipt of a request. Notice of the delay and the reasons therefor shall be provided in writing to the interested party. Replies to WTO Members shall be complete and shall represent the authoritative view of the Chinese government. Accurate and reliable information shall be provided to individuals and enterprises.

(D) Judicial Review

1. China shall establish, or designate, and maintain tribunals, contact points and procedures for the prompt review of all administrative actions relating to the implementation of laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application referred to in Article X:1 of the GATT 1994, Article VI of the GATS and the relevant provisions of the TRIPS Agreement. Such tribunals shall be impartial and independent of the agency entrusted with administrative enforcement and shall not have any substantial interest in the outcome of the matter.

2. Review procedures shall include the opportunity for appeal, without penalty, by individuals or enterprises affected by any administrative action subject to review. If the initial right of appeal is to an administrative body, there shall in all cases be the opportunity to choose to appeal the decision to a judicial body. Notice of the decision on appeal shall be given to the appellant and the reasons for such decision shall be provided in writing. The appellant shall also be informed of any right to further appeal.

3. Non-discrimination

Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of:

(a) the procurement of inputs and goods and services necessary for production and the conditions under which their goods are produced, marketed or sold, in the domestic market and for export; and

(b) the prices and availability of goods and services supplied by national and sub-national authorities and public or state enterprises, in areas including transportation, energy, basic telecommunications, other utilities and factors of production.

4. Special Trade Arrangements

Upon accession, China shall eliminate or bring into conformity with the WTO Agreement all special trade arrangements, including barter trade arrangements, with third countries and separate customs territories, which are not in conformity with the WTO Agreement.

5. Right to Trade

1. Without prejudice to China's right to regulate trade in a manner consistent with the WTO Agreement, China shall progressively liberalize the availability and scope of the right to trade, so that, within three years after accession, all enterprises in China shall have the right to trade in all goods throughout the customs territory of China, except for those goods listed in Annex 2A which continue to be subject to state trading in accordance with this Protocol. Such right to trade shall be the right to import and export goods. All such goods shall be accorded national treatment under Article III of the GATT 1994, especially paragraph 4 thereof, in respect of their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation, distribution or use, including their direct access to end-users. For those goods listed in Annex 2B, China shall phase out limitation on the grant of trading rights pursuant to the schedule in that Annex. China shall complete all necessary legislative procedures to implement these provisions during the transition period.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, all foreign individuals and enterprises, including those not invested or registered in China, shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to enterprises in China with respect to the right to trade.

6. State Trading

1. China shall ensure that import purchasing procedures of state trading enterprises are fully transparent, and in compliance with the WTO Agreement, and shall refrain from taking any measure to influence or direct state trading enterprises as to the quantity, value, or country of origin of goods purchased or sold, except in accordance with the WTO Agreement.

2. As part of China's notification under the GATT 1994 and the Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII of the GATT 1994, China shall also provide full information on the pricing mechanisms of its state trading enterprises for exported goods.

7. Non-Tariff Measures

1. China shall implement the schedule for phased elimination of the measures contained in Annex 3. During the periods specified in Annex 3, the protection afforded by the measures listed in that Annex shall not be increased or expanded in size, scope or duration, nor shall any new measures be applied, unless in conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement.

2. In implementing the provisions of Articles III and XI of the GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture, China shall eliminate and shall not introduce, re-introduce or apply non-tariff measures that cannot be justified under the provisions of the WTO Agreement. For all non-tariff measures, whether or not referred to in Annex 3, that are applied after the date of accession, consistent with the WTO Agreement or this Protocol, China shall allocate and otherwise administer such measures in strict conformity with the provisions of the WTO Agreement, including GATT 1994 and Article XIII thereof, and the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, including notification requirements.

3. China shall, upon accession, comply with the TRIMs Agreement, without recourse to the provisions of Article 5 of the TRIMs Agreement. China shall eliminate and cease to enforce trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, local content and export or performance requirements made effective through laws, regulations or other measures. Moreover, China will not enforce provisions of contracts imposing such requirements. Without prejudice to the relevant provisions of this Protocol, China shall ensure that the distribution of import licences, quotas, tariff-rate quotas, or any other means of approval for importation, the right of importation or investment by national and sub-national authorities, is not conditioned on: whether competing domestic suppliers of such products exist; or performance requirements of any kind, such as local content, offsets, the transfer of technology, export performance or the conduct of research and development in China.

4. Import and export prohibitions and restrictions, and licensing requirements affecting imports and exports shall only be imposed and enforced by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities. Such measures which are not imposed by the national authorities or by sub-national authorities with authorization from the national authorities, shall not be implemented or enforced.

8. Import and Export Licensing

1. In implementing the WTO Agreement and provisions of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures, China shall undertake the following measures to facilitate compliance with these agreements:

(a) China shall publish on a regular basis the following in the official journal referred to in paragraph 2(C)2 of this Protocol:

- by product, the list of all organizations, including those organizations delegated such authority by the national authorities, that are responsible for authorizing or approving imports or exports, whether through grant of licence or other approval;

- procedures and criteria for obtaining such import or export licences or other approvals, and the conditions for deciding whether they should be granted;

- a list of all products, by tariff number, that are subject to tendering requirements, including information on products subject to such tendering requirements and any changes, pursuant to the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures;

- a list of all goods and technologies whose import or export are restricted or prohibited; these goods shall also be notified to the Committee on Import Licensing;

- any changes to the list of goods and technologies whose import and export are restricted or prohibited.

Copies of these submissions in one or more official languages of the WTO shall be forwarded to the WTO for circulation to WTO Members and for submission to the Committee on Import Licensing within 75 days of each publication.

(b) China shall notify the WTO of all licensing and quota requirements remaining in effect after accession, listed separately by HS tariff line and with the quantities associated with the restriction, if any, and the justification for maintaining the restriction or its scheduled date of termination.

(c) China shall submit the notification of its import licensing procedures to the Committee on Import Licensing. China shall report annually to the Committee on Import Licensing on its automatic import licensing procedures, explaining the circumstances which give rise to these requirements and justifying the need for their continuation. This report shall also provide the information listed in Article 3 of the Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures.

(d) China shall issue import licences for a minimum duration of validity of six months, except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible. In such cases, China shall promptly notify the Committee on Import Licensing of the exceptional circumstances requiring the shorter period of licence validity.

2. Except as otherwise provided for in this Protocol, foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the distribution of import and export licences and quotas.

9. Price Controls

1. China shall, subject to paragraph 2 below, allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services shall be eliminated.

2. The goods and services listed in Annex 4 may be subject to price controls, consistent with the WTO Agreement, in particular Article III of the GATT 1994 and Annex 2, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Except in exceptional circumstances, and subject to notification to the WTO, price controls shall not be extended to goods or services beyond those listed in Annex 4, and China shall make best efforts to reduce and eliminate these controls.

3. China shall publish in the official journal the list of goods and services subject to state pricing and changes thereto.

10. Subsidies

1. China shall notify the WTO of any subsidy within the meaning of Article 1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement"), granted or maintained in its territory, organized by specific product, including those subsidies defined in Article 3 of the SCM Agreement. The information provided should be as specific as possible, following the requirements of the questionnaire on subsidies as noted in Article 25 of the SCM Agreement.

2. For purposes of applying Articles 1.2 and 2 of the SCM Agreement, subsidies provided to state-owned enterprises will be viewed as specific if, inter alia, state-owned enterprises are the predominant recipients of such subsidies or state-owned enterprises receive disproportionately large amounts of such subsidies.

3. China shall eliminate all subsidy programmes falling within the scope of Article 3 of the SCM Agreement upon accession.

11. Taxes and Charges Levied on Imports and Exports

1. China shall ensure that customs fees or charges applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities, shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

2. China shall ensure that internal taxes and charges, including value-added taxes, applied or administered by national or sub-national authorities shall be in conformity with the GATT 1994.

3. China shall eliminate all taxes and charges applied to exports unless specifically provided for in Annex 6 of this Protocol or applied in conformity with the provisions of Article VIII of the GATT 1994.

4. Foreign individuals and enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises shall, upon accession, be accorded treatment no less favourable than that accorded to other individuals and enterprises in respect of the provision of border tax adjustments.

12. Agriculture

1. China shall implement the provisions contained in China's Schedule of Concessions and Commitments on Goods and, as specifically provided in this Protocol, those of the Agreement on Agriculture. In this context, China shall not maintain or introduce any export subsidies on agricultural products.

2. China shall, under the Transitional Review Mechanism, notify fiscal and other transfers between or among state-owned enterprises in the agricultural sector (whether national or sub-national) and other enterprises that operate as state trading enterprises in the agricultural sector.

13. Technical Barriers to Trade

1. China shall publish in the official journal all criteria, whether formal or informal, that are the basis for a technical regulation, standard or conformity assessment procedure.

2. China shall, upon accession, bring into conformity with the TBT Agreement all technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures.

3. China shall apply conformity assessment procedures to imported products only to determine compliance with technical regulations and standards that are consistent with the provisions of this Protocol and the WTO Agreement. Conformity assessment bodies will determine the conformity of imported products with commercial terms of contracts only if authorized by the parties to such contract. China shall ensure that such inspection of products for compliance with the commercial terms of contracts does not affect customs clearance or the granting of import licences for such products.

4. (a) Upon accession, China shall ensure that the same technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures are applied to both imported and domestic products. In order to ensure a smooth transition from the current system, China shall ensure that, upon accession, all certification, safety licensing, and quality licensing bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake these activities for both imported and domestic products, and that, one year after accession, all conformity assessment bodies and agencies are authorized to undertake conformity assessment for both imported and domestic products. The choice of body or agency shall be at the discretion of the applicant. For imported and domestic products, all bodies and agencies shall issue the same mark and charge the same fee. They shall also provide the same processing periods and complaint procedures. Imported products shall not be subject to more than one conformity assessment. China shall publish and make readily available to other WTO Members, individuals, and enterprises full information on the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies and agencies.

(b) No later than 18 months after accession, China shall assign the respective responsibilities of its conformity assessment bodies solely on the basis of the scope of work and type of product without any consideration of the origin of a product. The respective responsibilities that will be assigned to China's conformity assessment bodies will be notified to the TBT Committee 12 months after accession.

14. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

China shall notify to the WTO all laws, regulations and other measures relating to its sanitary and phytosanitary measures, including product coverage and relevant international standards, guidelines and recommendations, within 30 days after accession.

15. Price Comparability in Determining Subsidies and Dumping

Article VI of the GATT 1994, the Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("Anti-Dumping Agreement") and the SCM Agreement shall apply in proceedings involving imports of Chinese origin into a WTO Member consistent with the following:

(a) In determining price comparability under Article VI of the GATT 1994 and the Anti-Dumping Agreement, the importing WTO Member shall use either Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation or a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China based on the following rules:

(i) If the producers under investigation can clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to the manufacture, production and sale of that product, the importing WTO Member shall use Chinese prices or costs for the industry under investigation in determining price comparability;

(ii) The importing WTO Member may use a methodology that is not based on a strict comparison with domestic prices or costs in China if the producers under investigation cannot clearly show that market economy conditions prevail in the industry producing the like product with regard to manufacture, production and sale of that product.

(b) In proceedings under Parts II, III and V of the SCM Agreement, when addressing subsidies described in Articles 14(a), 14(b), 14(c) and 14(d), relevant provisions of the SCM Agreement shall apply; however, if there are special difficulties in that application, the importing WTO Member may then use methodologies for identifying and measuring the subsidy benefit which take into account the possibility that prevailing terms and conditions in China may not always be available as appropriate benchmarks. In applying such methodologies, where practicable, the importing WTO Member should adjust such prevailing terms and conditions before considering the use of terms and conditions prevailing outside China.

(c) The importing WTO Member shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (a) to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices and shall notify methodologies used in accordance with subparagraph (b) to the Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures.

(d) Once China has established, under the national law of the importing WTO Member, that it is a market economy, the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall be terminated provided that the importing Member's national law contains market economy criteria as of the date of accession. In any event, the provisions of subparagraph (a)(ii) shall expire 15 years after the date of accession. In addition, should China establish, pursuant to the national law of the importing WTO Member, that market economy conditions prevail in a particular industry or sector, the non-market economy provisions of subparagraph (a) shall no longer apply to that industry or sector.

16. Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism

1. In cases where products of Chinese origin are being imported into the territory of any WTO Member in such increased quantities or under such conditions as to cause or threaten to cause market disruption to the domestic producers of like or directly competitive products, the WTO Member so affected may request consultations with China with a view to seeking a mutually satisfactory solution, including whether the affected WTO Member should pursue application of a measure under the Agreement on Safeguards. Any such request shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

2. If, in the course of these bilateral consultations, it is agreed that imports of Chinese origin are such a cause and that action is necessary, China shall take such action as to prevent or remedy the market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

3. If consultations do not lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member concerned within 60 days of the receipt of a request for consultations, the WTO Member affected shall be free, in respect of such products, to withdraw concessions or otherwise to limit imports only to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such market disruption. Any such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

4. Market disruption shall exist whenever imports of an article, like or directly competitive with an article produced by the domestic industry, are increasing rapidly, either absolutely or relatively, so as to be a significant cause of material injury, or threat of material injury to the domestic industry. In determining if market disruption exists, the affected WTO Member shall consider objective factors, including the volume of imports, the effect of imports on prices for like or directly competitive articles, and the effect of such imports on the domestic industry producing like or directly competitive products.

5. Prior to application of a measure pursuant to paragraph 3, the WTO Member taking such action shall provide reasonable public notice to all interested parties and provide adequate opportunity for importers, exporters and other interested parties to submit their views and evidence on the appropriateness of the proposed measure and whether it would be in the public interest. The WTO Member shall provide written notice of the decision to apply a measure, including the reasons for such measure and its scope and duration.

6. A WTO Member shall apply a measure pursuant to this Section only for such period of time as may be necessary to prevent or remedy the market disruption. If a measure is taken as a result of a relative increase in the level of imports, China has the right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than two years. However, if a measure is taken as a result of an absolute increase in imports, China has a right to suspend the application of substantially equivalent concessions or obligations under the GATT 1994 to the trade of the WTO Member applying the measure, if such measure remains in effect more than three years. Any such action by China shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

7. In critical circumstances, where delay would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair, the WTO Member so affected may take a provisional safeguard measure pursuant to a preliminary determination that imports have caused or threatened to cause market disruption. In this case, notification of the measures taken to the Committee on Safeguards and a request for bilateral consultations shall be effected immediately thereafter. The duration of the provisional measure shall not exceed 200 days during which the pertinent requirements of paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall be met. The duration of any provisional measure shall be counted toward the period provided for under paragraph 6.

8. If a WTO Member considers that an action taken under paragraphs 2, 3 or 7 causes or threatens to cause significant diversions of trade into its market, it may request consultations with China and/or the WTO Member concerned. Such consultations shall be held within 30 days after the request is notified to the Committee on Safeguards. If such consultations fail to lead to an agreement between China and the WTO Member or Members concerned within 60 days after the notification, the requesting WTO Member shall be free, in respect of such product, to withdraw concessions accorded to or otherwise limit imports from China, to the extent necessary to prevent or remedy such diversions. Such action shall be notified immediately to the Committee on Safeguards.

9. Application of this Section shall be terminated 12 years after the date of accession.

17. Reservations by WTO Members

All prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures maintained by WTO Members against imports from China in a manner inconsistent with the WTO Agreement are listed in Annex 7. All such prohibitions, quantitative restrictions and other measures shall be phased out or dealt with in accordance with mutually agreed terms and timetables as specified in the said Annex.

18. Transitional Review Mechanism

1. Those subsidiary bodies1 of the WTO which have a mandate covering China's commitments under the WTO Agreement or this Protocol shall, within one year after accession and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review, as appropriate to their mandate, the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and of the related provisions of this Protocol. China shall provide relevant information, including information specified in Annex 1A, to each subsidiary body in advance of the review. China can also raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol, in those subsidiary bodies which have a relevant mandate. Each subsidiary body shall report the results of such review promptly to the relevant Council established by paragraph 5 of Article IV of the WTO Agreement, if applicable, which shall in turn report promptly to the General Council.

2. The General Council shall, within one year after accession, and in accordance with paragraph 4 below, review the implementation by China of the WTO Agreement and the provisions of this Protocol. The General Council shall conduct such review in accordance with the framework set out in Annex 1B and in the light of the results of any reviews held pursuant to paragraph 1. China also can raise issues relating to any reservations under Section 17 or to any other specific commitments made by other Members in this Protocol. The General Council may make recommendations to China and to other Members in these respects.

3. Consideration of issues pursuant to this Section shall be without prejudice to the rights and obligations of any Member, including China, under the WTO Agreement or any Plurilateral Trade Agreement, and shall not preclude or be a precondition to recourse to consultation or other provisions of the WTO Agreement or this Protocol.

4. The review provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 will take place after accession in each year for eight years. Thereafter there will be a final review in year 10 or at an earlier date decided by the General Council.

Part II - Schedules

1. The Schedules annexed to this Protocol shall become the Schedule of Concessions and Commitments annexed to the GATT 1994 and the Schedule of Specific Commitments annexed to the GATS relating to China. The staging of concessions and commitments listed in the Schedules shall be implemented as specified in the relevant parts of the relevant Schedules.

2. For the purpose of the reference in paragraph 6(a) of Article II of the GATT 1994 to the date of that Agreement, the applicable date in respect of the Schedules of Concessions and Commitments annexed to this Protocol shall be the date of accession.

Part III - Final Provisions

1. This Protocol shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by China until 1 January 2002.

2. This Protocol shall enter into force on the thirtieth day following the day of its acceptance.

3. This Protocol shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified copy of this Protocol and a notification of acceptance by China thereof, pursuant to paragraph 1 of Part III of this Protocol, to each WTO Member and to China.

4. This Protocol shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Done at Doha this tenth day of November two thousand and one, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic, except that a Schedule annexed hereto may specify that it is authentic in only one or more of these languages.

1 Council for Trade in Goods, Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Council for Trade in Services, Committees on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Market Access (covering also ITA), Agriculture, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Technical Barriers to Trade, Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, Anti-Dumping Measures, Customs Valuation, Rules of Origin, Import Licensing, Trade-Related Investment Measures, Safeguards, Trade in Financial Services.

民政部办公厅印发《关于法规草案提请部务会议审议的若干规定》的通知

民政部办公厅


民政部办公厅印发《关于法规草案提请部务会议审议的若干规定》的通知
1994年8月20日,民政部办公厅

各司局(局)、各直属单位:
《关于法规草案提请部务会议审议的若干规定》,已经部长办公会议讨论通过,现予印发,请遵照执行。

关于法规草案提请部务会议审议的若干规定1994年8月19日部长办公会议通过
第一条 为提高工作效率和法规质量,明确法规草案提请部务会议审议的程序,制定本规定。
第二条 本规定所称法规草案是指由我部起草的经全国人民代表大会及其常委会审议通过的法律草案、经国务院审议通过的行政法规草案和由我部制定发布的规章草案。
第三条 法规草案起草完成后,起草单位认为可以提请部务会议审议的,由起草单位送交部法制办公室审查。
第四条 法规草案送交法制办公室审查,由起草单位负责人签署意见,并提供以下材料:
(一)法规草案送审稿;
(二)法规草案的起草说明;
(三)法规草案的调研、论证材料;
(四)涉及有关部门工作业务的,还要提供该部门对法规草案的书面意见。
第五条 法制办公室对法规草案进行审查后,认为可以提请部务会议审议的,应当签署意见,经办公厅主任审核后,送请业务主管部长审定是否提交部务会议审议。
第六条 主管部长认为法规草案基本成熟,可以提请部务会议审议的,签署意见后,由法制办公室按程序提交部务会议审议。
第七条 部务会议审议法规草案,由起草单位负责人作起草法规草案的说明,法制办公室负责人作审查法规草案的说明。
第八条 法律、行政法规草案经部务会议审议通过,由部长签署报告报送国务院。
规章草案经部务会议审议通过,由部长签署民政部令发布。
第九条 退回修改的法规草案重新提请部务会议审议的程序,参照本规定办理。
第十条 本规定自印发之日起执行。